She married Kenneth Tsutsum, whom she had met in camp, and had three children, ultimately passing away from cancer in 2006.Īlthough Endo did not serve in the military, her participation in the habeas corpus case was made possible, in part, because of her brother's service. She moved to Chicago and became a secretery for the Mayor's Committee on Race Relations. She was transfered to the Topaz camp in Utah and remained there until May 1945. While waiting for the case to go through the courts, Endo had to remain incarcerated so that her suit would not be rendered moot. Supreme Court ruled in Endo's favor in December 1944, leading to the release of Japanese Americans and allowance of their return to the West Coast. Many years later, Endo told John Tateishi that she "agreed to do it at that moment, because they said it's for the good of everybody, and so I said, well if that's it, I'll go ahead and do it." Purcell filed the petition on July 12, 1942. Endo's brother was serving in the military at this time, and Endo was an ideal plaintiff as a Christian who had never been to Japan. It was through her participation in that first case that James Purcell, that case's lawyer, identified Endo as an ideal candidate for a habeas corpus petition challenging her incarceration. That first case still pending, Endo was incarcerated with her family at the Tule Lake California concentration camp for Japanese Americans. The first time Endo challenged government actions in court, she was one of the 63 employees who challenged these firings with the help of the Japanese American Citizens League. After graduating from high school, she became a secretery with the California Department of Employment, but, along with all other Japanese American state employees, she was dismissed from her job after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Please RSVP on Eventbrite.“I showed people what I could do.”~Mitsuye Endo, Interview, 1976 Textīorn in Sacramento, California, Mitsuye Endo was the second of four children of immigrants from Japan. Supreme Court.īased upon painstaking research, We Hereby Refuse presents an original vision of America's past with disturbing links to the American present. citizenship and Mitsuye Endo, a reluctant recruit to a lawsuit contesting her imprisonment, who refuses a chance to leave the camp at Topaz so that her case could reach the U.S. In this groundbreaking graphic novel, meet Jim Akutsu, the inspiration for John Okada’s No-No Boy, who refuses to be drafted from the camp at Minidoka when classified as a non-citizen, an enemy alien Hiroshi Kashiwagi, who resists government pressure to sign a loyalty oath at Tule Lake, but yields to family pressure to renounce his U.S. Japanese Americans complied when evicted from their homes in World War II-but many refused to submit to imprisonment in American concentration camps without a fight. The Pigott-McCone Endowed Chair in the Humanities and the English Department welcome Tamiko Nimura, PhD, who will speak about her recent book We Hereby Refuse: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration. The story of camp as you've never seen it before. We Hereby Refuse: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration
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